![]() ![]() ![]() Faced with evidence of black independence and assertiveness, the white South responded with a policy of oppression and subjugation that systematically "disrecognized" black people. Litwack illustrates the hard times of slaves during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. ![]() Litwack relates how black schools and colleges struggled to fulfill the expectations placed on them in a climate that was separate but hardly equal how hardworking tenant farmers were cheated of their earnings, turned off their land, or refused acreage they could afford to purchase how successful and ambitious blacks often became targets of white violence and harassment. In the book ‘Trouble in Mind,’ author Leon F. Drawing on an array of contemporary documents and first-person narratives from both blacks and whites, he examines how black men and women learned to live with the severe restrictions imposed on their lives during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In 1951, Litwack received is Bachelor Degree and then continued to further his education. He was born in 1929 in Santa Barbara, California. Litwack is an American historian and professor of history at the University of California at Berkeley. Litwack's book Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow (1998) focuses on the lives of African Americans in the South from the end of Reconstruction to the Great. Litwack constructs an account of life in the Jim Crow South. Litwack is the author of Trouble in Mind. ![]()
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